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Emeritus Professor in the Department of Biosciences+44 (0) 191 33 41331
Emeritus Professor in the Department of Physics

Biography

The image shows an epithelial cell that has been stained with antibodies to the small heat shock protein, HSP27.

I joined the University of Durham in 2001 as the foundation chair in Biomedical Sciences.  Since October 2020 I have held an Emeritus position as Professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Durham. I have also held an affiliate Professorship at the Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington in Seattle since 2010. I spent a sabbatical year in the Department of Biophysics, hosted by Professor John I Clark, and we continue to collaborate on eye lens transparency, optical function and aging due to our common interest in the cytoskeleton, protein chaperones and protein phase separation mechanisms.  

My other interests are regionally based and have been greatly influenced by my service on grant panels and as a trustee to the charity, Fight for Sight. This charity is the most important UK charity dedicated to eye research and social change research into vision loss. I am working with Professors David Steel (South Tyneside and Sunderland Foundation Trust) and Matt Campbell (University of Sunderland) and others to form and launch an institute dedicated to ophthalmic research and innovation. This institute will capitalise on the ability of eye health data to detect and inform on both eye and systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases and so help change the poor health metrics in our region. I enjoy working with regional partners such as the Sunderland City Council, the Beacon of Light and the Sunderland and County Durham Royal Society for the Blind.

I am originally a Biochemistry graduate and PhD from the University of Kent where I worked on microtubules with Professor Keith Gull FRS, before taking up an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship in 1981 at the German Cancer Research Centre to work on Intermediate Filaments with Professor Werner Franke. I discovered that keratins, GFAP, vimentin and desmin all form dimeric coiled coils that further self-associate to form tetrameric units, which could also be isolated from the soluble fraction of cells. In 1985 I returned to the UK on a MRC fellowship to work with Dr Murray Stewart at the LMB Cambridge.  Here I determined the coiled coil pitch of myosin LS2 and continued my studies on the paracrystal assembly properties of GFAP and nuclear lamins. In 1988, I was appointed as a lecturer to the Department of Biochemistry in Dundee. This allowed me to form a research team focused on vimentin, GFAP and desmin. We discovered that these intermediate filament proteins interacted with small heat shock protein chaperones and this led to the concept of intermediate filaments are bone fide components of the cellular stress response (see image above). In the eye, there are two other intermediate filament proteins called BFSP1 and BFSP2. Both are key to the optical function of the lens, which we discovered through gene knockout in a mouse model. Emmetropia establishment depends on this lens cytoskeleton and lens transparency, as regulated by water channels, also depends upon the cytoskeleton. The most dramatic biological feature of the eye lens though, is its ability to function for decades, and in some animals, for centuries, without significant biomolecular replacement. The eye lens is an aging exemplar par excellence as it accumulates ageing-mediated damage and adjusts its protein organisation to maintain its function.

Research interests

  • Aquaporin 0 structure and function
  • animal cell biology
  • cataract and amyloidosis
  • inherited human diseases caused by mutant cytoskeletal proteins, particularly cataract, cardiomyopathy and neuropathies
  • membrane domains and their association with protein chaperones and intermediate filaments
  • motor neurone disease
  • protein chaperones
  • the cytoskeleton
  • the eye lens and the ageing process

Esteem Indicators

  • 2016: Invited speaker at the the GRC on Intermediate Filaments:
  • 2016: Chair Elect for the 2020 GRC on Intermediate Filaments: Elected along with Jan Lammerding to Chair the 2020 Gordon Research Conference on Intermediate Filaments
  • 2015: Fight for Sight Trustee:
  • 2013: Appointment to the Editorial Board of the Journal of Biological Chemistry: Apponitment by invitation only
  • 2011: Appointed Affiliate Faculty to Department of Biological Structure at the UNiversity of Washington, Seattle: After my sabbatical year in this Department and the collaboration initiated I was appointed to the faculty as an affiliate member. Professor John I. Clark is Departmental Chair
  • 2009: Section Editor for Experimental Eye Research: Section Editor for the leading international eye research journal, Experimental Eye Research

Publications

Chapter in book

Conference Paper

  • Terahertz spectroscopy of stem cells
    Zinov’ev, N., Jahoda, C., Quinlan, R., & Chamberlain, J. (2007). Terahertz spectroscopy of stem cells. Presented at 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2.

Journal Article