Staff profile

My research focuses on open channel hydraulics and sediment transport. Methodologically, this work involves numerical modelling and laboratory experimentation, with a strong emphasis on high resolution process understanding. The numerical modelling work involves both the theoretical development and practical application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) codes. This has included both the development of an innovative technique to include complex topography within a numerical scheme and the application of time dependent turbulence schemes (Large Eddy Simulation) to open channel flows. Recently this approach has been further developed to include bio-mechanical models to predict the interaction between flow and vegetation in fluvial systems. Previous research has addressed; (i) flow in individual geomorphological units (e.g. confluences, meander bends) and; (ii) modelling hydraulic and sediment transport schemes for studying reach scale floodplain dynamics. The laboratory experimentation work is focused on furthering our understanding of the origin, propagation and growth of Coherent Flow Structures (CFS) in shallow flows that is thought ultimately to control the structure of turbulent flows. This involves the application of both Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF).

Examples of Current Projects

1. Monitoring and modelling bedforms in unsteady flow fields. All fluvial systems exhibit temporal variations in flow discharge, which creates unsteady changes in the flow field. The sediment-water interface responds and organises to these changes over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, primarily through adjustment of a variety of bed roughness elements (i.e. ripples, dunes and larger bar forms). These roughness elements are the key component of overall flow resistance and the magnitude of their form drag significantly influences river stage levels for given discharges. The rationale behind this work is to generate a new quantitative process based understanding of bedform adjustment to unsteady flows through a combined methodology of laboratory investigation, fieldwork and, the development and application of a novel fully three dimensional numerical model which considers unsteady flow and morphological evolution. 2. Reducing uncertainty in flood prediction: the representation of vegetation in hydraulic models. The vast majority of uncertainty in flood model predictions stem from the influence of vegetation on conveyance. In order to move away from an empirical based approach to the parameterisation of vegetation resistance, a new understanding of the flow and turbulence production is necessary to be able to re-formulate a dynamic vegetation roughness treatment for flood models and thus reduce the uncertainty in flood predictions. The central aim of this proposal is enhance our flood modelling capability through the development of a quantitative numerical representation of dynamic vegetation response to river and floodplain flow. 3. The hydrodynamics of microbial landscapes. The aim of this work is to develop a quantitative numerical representation of micro-scale hydraulic response to biofilm forcing. This is being addressed by using pioneering experimental and numerical approaches to meet this challenge. The first task is to accurately measure flow both right at the bed and within the biofilms and pore spaces of the bed themselves. This significant problem will be overcome by using laboratory PIV (Particle Imaging Velocimetry) techniques in a range of small channels containing intact biofilm cultures. The second phase of the project is to develop and test a 3-D numerical model that can be used to further understand and explore the influence of biofilms on the flow processes at and within the bed.

Chapter in book

• Whadcoat, S., Rosser, N., Brain, M., & Hardy, R. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Rockfalls in Hard Rock Coastal Cliffs. In J. De Graff, & A. Shakoor (Eds.), Landslides: Putting Experience, Knowledge and Emerging Technologies into Practice (633 - 644). Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists (AEG)
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Parsons, D. (2014). Dynamic drag modeling of submerged aquatic vegetation canopy flows. In A. Schleiss, G. De Cesare, M. Franca, & M. Pfister (Eds.), River flow 2014 : proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, (River Flow 2014), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3-5 September 2014 (517-524). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Parsons, D. (2014). Extending the canopy flow model for natural, highly flexible macrophyte canopies. In A. Schleiss, G. De Cesare, M. Franca, & M. Pfister (Eds.), River flow 2014 : proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, (River Flow 2014), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3-5 September 2014 (509-516). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
• Hardy, R., Marjoribanks, T., Parson, D., Reesink, A., Murphy, B., Ashworth, P., & Best, J. (2014). Modelling time dependent flow fields over three dimensional dunes. In A. Schleiss, G. De Cesare, M. Franca, & M. Pfister (Eds.), River flow 2014 : proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, (River Flow 2014), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3-5 September 2014 (1045-1052). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
• Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Kostaschuck, D., Shugar, D., & Orfeo, O. (2006). Morhpology, flow and sediment transport over a natural 3D dune field: Rio Paraná, Argentina. In R. Ferreria, E. Alves, J. Leal, & A. Cardos (Eds.), River Flow 2006 (977-1004). Taylor and Francis
• Hardy, R. (2006). Modelling granular sediment transport over water worked gravels within a CFD framework. In R. Ferreria, E. Alves, J. Leal, & A. Cardos (Eds.), River Flow 2006 (913-918). Taylor and Francis
• Orfeo, O., Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Kostaschuk, R., Szupiany, R., & Amsler, M. (2006). Morphology and flow structures in a large confluence-diffluence: Rio Paraná, Argentina. In R. Ferreria, E. Alves, J. Leal, & A. Cardos (Eds.), River Flow 2006 (1277-1291). Taylor and Francis
• Lane, S., Hardy, R., Ferguson, R., & Parsons, D. (2005). A framework for model verification and validation of CFD schemes in natural open channel flows. In M. Bates, & S. Lane (Eds.), Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications in Environmental Hydraulics (329-355). John Wiley and Sons
• Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Orfeo, O., & Kostachuk, R. (2004). The morphology, 3D flow structure and sediment dynamics of a large river confluence. In M. Greco, A. Carravetta, & R. Della Morte (Eds.), River Flow 2004 (43-48)
• Best, J., Kostaschuk, R., & Hardy, R. (2004). The fluid dynamics of low-angle river dunes: results from integrated field monitoring, laboratory experimentation and numerical modelling. In S. Hulscher, T. Garlan, & D. Idier (Eds.), Proceedings Marine Sand-wave and River Dune Dynamics II (17-23). University of Twente
• Hardy, R., & Lane, S. (2004). The numerical simulation of time dependent flow structures over water worked gravel. In M. Greco, A. Carravetta, & R. Della Morte (Eds.), River Flow 2004 (235-244)
• Parsons, D., Ferguson, R., Lane, S., & Hardy, R. (2004). Flow structures in meander bends with recirculation zones: implications for bend movements. In M. Greco, A. Carravetta, & R. Della Morte (Eds.), River Flow 2004 (49-59)
• Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Orfeo, O., Kostachuk, R., Hardy, R., & Franklin, M. (2004). The morphology and sediment dynamics of a large river confluence: the Rio Paraná and Rio Paraguay, NE Argentina. In M. Greco, A. Carravetta, & R. Della Morte (Eds.), River Flow 2004 (43-48). Balkema
• Ferguson, R., Pardons, D., Lane, S., & Hardy, R. (2003). Flow structures in meander bends with recirculation. In G. Jirka, & W. Uijttewaal (Eds.), International Association for Hydraulic Engineering and Research. Balkema
• Lane, S., Hardy, R., Keylock, C., Ferguson, R., & Parsons, D. (2003). Coherent flow structures in shallow gravel-bed rivers: an experiemental and numerical study. In W. Uijttewaal (Ed.), Shallow flows (259-266)
• Lane, S., & Hardy, R. (2002). Porous rivers: a new way of conceptualising river a floodplain flows?. In D. Ingham, & I. Pop (Eds.), Transport Phenomena in Porous Media (II) (425-449). Pergamon

Conference Paper

• Lane, S., Hardy, R., Yu, D., Tayefi, V., & Reid, S. (2006, August). Climate change, sediment delivery and flood risk explored using two-dimensional inundation modelling. Presented at Riverflow 2006., Balkema, Netherlands
• Hardy, R., Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Kostaschuk, R., & Orfeo, O. (2006, August). Three-dimensional numerical modelling of flows over a natural dune field. Presented at Riverflow 2006., Balkema, Netherlands
• Hardy, R., Bergeron, N., Lane, S., Carbonneau, P., & Mould, D. (2006, August). Fuzzy modelling of habitat suitability using 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models: Biological challenges. Presented at Riverflow 2006., Balkema, Netherlands

Journal Article

• Casas, A., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Benito, G., & Yu, D. (online). Topographic complexity and the spatial flow structure in three dimensional hydraulic modelling. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,
• Gebrechorkos, S. H., Leyland, J., Dadson, S. J., Cohen, S., Slater, L., Wortmann, M., Ashworth, P. J., Bennett, G. L., Boothroyd, R., Cloke, H., Delorme, P., Griffith, H., Hardy, R., Hawker, L., McLelland, S., Neal, J., Nicholas, A., Tatem, A. J., Vahidi, E., Liu, Y., …Darby, S. E. (2024). Global-scale evaluation of precipitation datasets for hydrological modelling. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 28(14), 3099-3118. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3099-2024
• Gebrechorkos, S., Leyland, J., Slater, L., Wortmann, M., Ashworth, P. J., Bennett, G. L., Boothroyd, R., Cloke, H., Delorme, P., Griffith, H., Hardy, R., Hawker, L., McLelland, S., Neal, J., Nicholas, A., Tatem, A. J., Vahidi, E., Parsons, D. R., & Darby, S. E. (2023). A high-resolution daily global dataset of statistically downscaled CMIP6 models for climate impact analyses. Scientific Data, 10(1), Article 611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02528-x
• Ferguson, R. I., Lewin, J., & Hardy, R. J. (2022). Fluvial processes and landforms. Memoirs, 58(1), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2021-18
• Kazemifar, F., Blois, G., Aybar, M., Calleja, P., Nerenberg, R., Sinha, S., Hardy, R., Best, J., Sambrook Smith, G., & Christensen, K. (2021). The Effect of Biofilms on Turbulent Flow over Permeable Beds. Water Resources Research, 57(2), Article e2019WR026032. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026032
• Hardy, R., Best, J., Marjoribanks, T., Parsons, D., & Ashworth, P. (2021). The Influence of Three‐Dimensional Topography on Turbulent Flow Structures Over Dunes in Unidirectional Flows. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126(12), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006121
• Williams, J., Rosser, N., Hardy, R., & Brain, M. (2020). The Importance of Monitoring Interval for Rockfall Magnitude-Frequency Estimation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124(12), 2841-2853. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jf005225
• Joyce, H. M., Warburton, J., & Hardy, R. J. (2020). A catchment scale assessment of patterns and controls of historic 2D river planform adjustment. Geomorphology, 354, Article 107046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107046
• Ferguson, R., Hardy, R., & Hodge, R. (2019). Flow resistance and hydraulic geometry in bedrock rivers with multiple roughness length scales. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44(12), 2437-2449. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4673
• Marjoribanks, T., Lague, D., Hardy, R., Boothroyd, R., Leroux, J., Mony, C., & Puijalon, S. (2019). Flexural rigidity and shoot reconfiguration determine wake length behind saltmarsh vegetation patches. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124(8), 2176-2196. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jf005012
• Rollason, E., Bracken, L., Hardy, R., & Large, A. (2018). Evaluating the success of public participation in integrated catchment management. Journal of Environmental Management, 228, 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.024
• Benjamin, J., Rosser, N., Dunning, S., Hardy, R., Kelfoun, K., & Szczuciński, W. (2018). Transferability of a calibrated numerical model of rock avalanche run-out: application to 20 rock avalanches on the Nuussuaq Peninsula, West Greenland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 43(15), 3057-3073. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4469
• Reesink, A., Parsons, D., Ashworth, P., Best, J., Hardy, R., Murphy, B., McLelland, S., & Unsworth, C. (2018). The adaptation of dunes to changes in river flow. Earth-Science Reviews, 185, 1065-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.09.002
• Unsworth, C., Parsons, D., Hardy, R., Reesink, A., Best, J., Ashworth, P., & Keevil, G. (2018). The impact of non-equilibrium flow on the structure of turbulence over river dunes. Water Resources Research, 54(9), 6566-6584. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017wr021377
• Joyce, H., Hardy, R., Warburton, J., & Large, A. (2018). Sediment continuity through the upland sediment cascade: geomorphic response of an upland river to an extreme flood event. Geomorphology, 317, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.05.002
• Rollason, E., Bracken, L., Hardy, R., & Large, A. (2018). Rethinking flood risk communication. Natural Hazards, 92(3), 1665-1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3273-4
• Rollason, E., Bracken, L., Hardy, R., & Large, A. (2018). The importance of volunteered geographic information for the validation of flood inundation models. Journal of Hydrology, 562, 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.002
• Williams, J., Rosser, N., Hardy, R., Brain, M., & Afana, A. (2018). Optimising 4-D surface change detection: an approach for capturing rockfall magnitude–frequency. Earth Surface Dynamics, 6(1), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-101-2018
• Sinha, S., Hardy, R., Blois, G., Best, J., & Sambrook Smith, G. (2017). A numerical investigation into the importance of bed permeability on determining flow structures over river dunes. Water Resources Research, 53(4), 3067-3086. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019662
• Boothroyd, R., Hardy, R., Warburton, J., & Marjoribanks, T. (2017). Modeling complex flow structures and drag around a submerged plant of varied posture. Water Resources Research, 53(4), 2877-2901. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr020186
• Ferguson, R., Sharma, B., Hodge, R., Hardy, R., & Warburton, J. (2017). Bed load tracer mobility in a mixed bedrock/alluvial channel. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 122(4), 807-822. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003946
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Tancock, M. (2017). Patch-scale representation of vegetation within hydraulic models. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42(5), 699-710. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4015
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Parsons, D. (2017). Does the canopy mixing layer model apply to highly flexible aquatic vegetation? Insights from numerical modelling. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 17(2), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-016-9482-z
• Ferguson, R., Sharma, B., Hardy, R., Hodge, R., & Warburton, J. (2017). Flow resistance and hydraulic geometry in contrasting reaches of a bedrock channel. Water Resources Research, 53(3), 2278-2293. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr020233
• Hardy, R., Best, J., Parsons, D., & Marjoribanks, T. (2016). On the evolution and form of coherent flow structures over a gravel bed: Insights from whole flow field visualization and measurement. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121(8), 1472-1493. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003753
• Boothroyd, R., Hardy, R., Warburton, J., & Marjoribanks, T. (2016). The importance of accurately representing submerged vegetation morphology in the numerical prediction of complex river flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 41(4), 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3871
• Nicholas, A., Sambrook Smith, G., Amsler, M., Ashworth, P., Best, J., Hardy, R., Lane, S., Orfeo, O., Parsons, D., Reesink, A., Sandbach, S., Simpson, C., & Szupiany, R. (2016). The role of discharge variability in determining alluvial stratigraphy. Geology, 44(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1130/g37215.1
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., & Parsons, D. (2015). On validating predictions of plant motion in coupled biomechanical-flow models. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 53(6), 808-813. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2015.1110627
• Reesink, A., Van den Berg, J., Parsons, D., Amsler, M., Best, J., Hardy, R., Orfeo, O., & Szupiany, R. (2015). Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits. Earth-Science Reviews, 150, 652-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.09.008
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Parsons, R. (2014). High-resolution numerical modelling of flow-vegetation interactions. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 52(6), 775-793. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2014.948502
• Marjoribanks, T., Hardy, R., & Lane, S. (2014). The hydraulic description of vegetated river channels: the weaknesses of existing formulations and emerging alternatives. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 1(6), 549-560. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1044
• Blois, G., Best, J., Sambrook Smith, G., & Hardy, R. (2014). Effect of bed permeability and hyporheic flow on turbulent flow over bed forms. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(18), 6435-6442. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060906
• Pattison, I., Lane, S., Hardy, R., & Reaney, S. (2014). The role of tributary relative timing and sequencing in controlling large floods. Water Resources Research, 50(7), 5444-5458. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014067
• Reesink, A., Ashworth, P., Smabrook Smith, G., Best, J., Parsons, D., Amsler, M., Hardy, R., Lane, S., Nicholas, A., Orfeo, O., Sandback, S., Simpson, C., & Szupiany, R. (2014). Scales and causes of heterogeneity in bars in a large multi-channel river: Río Paraná, Argentina. Sedimentology, 61(4), 1055-1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12092
• Kleinhans, M., Ferguson, R., Lane, S., & Hardy, R. (2013). Splitting rivers at their seams: bifurcations and avulsion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3268
• Blois, G., Sambrook Smith, G., Best, J., Hardy, R., & Lead, J. (2012). Quantifying the dynamics of flow within a permeable bed using time-resolved endoscopic particle imaging velocimetry (EPIV). Experiments in Fluids, 53(1), 51-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1198-8
• Nicholas, A., Sandbach, S., Ashworth, P., Amsler, M., Best, J., Hardy, R., Lane, S., Orfeo, O., Parsons, D., Reesink, A., Sambrook Smith, G., & Szupiany, R. (2012). a large sand-bed river. Geomorphology, 169-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.014
• Sandbach, S., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Amsler, M., Ashworth, P., Best, J., Nicholas, A., Orfeo, O., Parsons, D., Reesink, A., & Szupiany, R. (2012). Application of a roughness-length representation to parameterize energy loss in 3-D numerical simulations of large rivers. Water Resources Research, 48(12), Article W12501. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011284
• Keylock, C., Constantinescu, G., & Hardy, R. (2012). Eddy resolving versus mean flow approaches. Geomorphology, 179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.09.006
• Kleinhans, M., & Hardy, R. (2012). River bifurcations and avulsion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3354
• Miori, S., Hardy, R., & Lane, S. (2012). Topographic forcing of flow partition and flow structures at river bifurcations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 37(6), 666-679. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3204
• Hardy, R., Lane, S., & Yu, D. (2011). Flow structures at an idealized bifurcation: a numerical experiment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(15), 2083-2096. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2235
• Hardy, R., Best, J., Parsons, D., & Keevil, G. (2011). On determining the geometric and kinematic characteristics of coherent flow structures over a gravel bed: a new approach using combined PLIF-PIV. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2118
• Thomas, R., Parsons, D., Sandbach, S., Keevil, G., Marra, W., Hardy, R., Best, J., Lane, S., & Ross, J. (2011). An experimental study of discharge partitioning and flow structure at symmetrical bifurcations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(15), 2069-2082. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2231
• Hardy, R., Best, J., Lane, S., & Carbonneau, P. (2010). Coherent flow structures in a depth-limited flow over a gravel surface: The influence of surface roughness. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115(F3), Article F03006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001416
• Casas, M., Lane, S., Hardy, R., Benito, G., & Whiting, P. (2010). Reconstruction of subgrid scale topographic variability and its effect upon the spatial structure of three dimensional river flow. Water Resources Research, 46(3), Article W03519. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr007756
• Shugar, D., Kostaschuk, R., Best, J., Parsons, D., Lane, S., Orfeo, O., & Hardy, R. (2010). On the relationship between flow and suspended sediment transport over the crest of a sand dune, Río Paraná, Argentina. Sedimentology, 57(1), 252-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01110.x
• Simmons, S., Parsons, D., Best, J., Orfeo, O., Lane, S., Kostaschuk, R., Hardy, R., West, G., Malzone, C., Marcus, J., & Pocwiardowski, P. (2010). Monitoring suspended sediment dynamics using MBES. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1061/%28asce%29hy.1943-7900.0000110
• Hardy, R., Best, J., Lane, S., & Carbonneau, P. (2009). Coherent flow structures in a depth-limited flow over a gravel surface : the role of near-bed turbulance and influence of Reynolds number. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, Article F01003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jf000970
• Kostaschuk, R., Shugar, D., Best, J., Parson, D., Lane, S., Hardy, R., & Orfeo, O. (2009). Suspended sediment transport and deposition over a dune: Río Paraná, Argentina. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34(12), 1605-1611. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1847
• Lane, S., Parsons, D., Best, J., Orfeo, O., Kostaschuk, R., & Hardy, R. (2008). Causes of rapid mixing at a junction of two large rivers : Río Paraná and Río Paraguay, Argentina. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000745
• Hardy, R., Lane, S., Ferguson, R., & Parsons, D. (2007). Emergence of coherent flow structures over a gravel surface: A numerical experiment. Water Resources Research, 43(3), Article W03422. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr004936
• Parsons, D., Best, J., Lane, S., Orfeo, O., Hardy, R., & Kostaschuk, R. (2007). Form roughness and the absence of secondary flow in a large confluence-diffluence, Rio Paraná, Argentina. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 32(1), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1457
• Hardy, R. (2006). Fluvial Geomorphology: Progress Report. Progress in Physical Geography, 30(4), 553-567
• Hardy, R. (2005). Modelling granular sediment transport over water-worked gravels. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(8), 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1277
• Parsons, D., Best, J., Orefo, O., Hardy, R., Kostaschuck, R., & Lane, S. (2005). Morphology and flow fields of three-dimensional dunes, Rio Paraná, Argentina: Results from simultaneous multibeam echo sounding and acoustic Doppler current profiling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(4), https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jf000231
• Hardy, R. (2005). Fluvial geomorphology progress report. Progress in Physical Geography, 29(3), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp457pr
• Hardy, R., Lane, S., Lawless, M., Best, J., Elliott, L., & Ingham, D. (2005). Development and testing of a numerical code for treatment of complex river channel topography in three-dimensional CFD models with structured grids. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 43(5), 468-480
• Keylock, C., Hardy, R., Parsons, D., Ferguson, R., Lane, S., & Richards, K. (2005). The theoretical foundations and potential for large-eddy simulation (LES) in fluvial geomorphic and sedimentological research. Earth-Science Reviews, 71(4), 271-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.03.001
• Lane, S., Hardy, R., Ingham, D., & Elliott, L. (2004). Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly-surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment. Water Resources Research, 40(1), Article W01302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001934
• Ferguson, R., Parsons, D., Lane, S., & Hardy, R. (2003). Flow in meander bends with recirculation at the inner bank. Water Resources Research, 39(11), Article 1322. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr001965
• Hardy, R., Lane, S., Ferguson, R., & Parsons, D. (2003). Assessing the credibility of a series of computational fluid dynamic simulations of open channel flow. Hydrological Processes, 17(8), 1539-1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1198
• Lane, S., Hardy, R., Elliott, L., & Ingham, D. (2002). High resolution numerical modelling of three-dimensional flows over complex river bed topography. Hydrological Processes, 16(11), 2261-2272. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5034
• Hankin, B., Hardy, R., Beven, K., & Kettle, H. (2001). Using CFD in a GLUE framework to model the flow and dispersion characteristics of a natural fluvial dead zone. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 667-687. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.214