Staff profile
| Affiliation |
|---|
| Professor in the Department of Archaeology |
| Member of the Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies |
Biography
Biography
My research focuses upon the Roman past and addresses:
1. The archaeology of Britain in the Iron Age and Roman periods. With a particular focus on landscapes, heritage and the Roman frontiers (see current projects 2 and 4).
2. Post-Colonial and descendant archaeologies, with a particular focus on changing theory and practice in archaeology and heritage for the Iron Age and Roman periods (see current project 1).
3. The archaeology of the Western Roman Empire, with a particular focus on the landscapes formed by the Frontiers of the Roman Empire.
4. The historiography or studies of imperial Rome and the reception of Roman models in post-Roman contexts, including the uses of texts and visual culture (especially since the Renaissance). This is the focus of much of my published work since 2000 and is a topic that I intend to return to (see current project 3).
Current and recent projects
1) Entangled Worlds: Theory and Roman Archaeology. I am at an early stage of researching a book on the development of archaeological theory in Roman studies from c. 1990 to the present day. I wish to focus on the burgeoning body of studies across Europe and beyond that address how Roman power was extended across a large part of the Mediterranean world and further into Europe. This is a long-term project, and I am hoping to publish a book around 2029.
2) Demetrius of Tarsus and Britain. I am part of the way through writing a book on this historical character who probably visited the British Isles in c. AD 82–3. I am aiming to draw on the limited textual and archaeological evidence to write an imaginative narrative addressing Demetrius' visit to Britain and what he might have experienced. This book should be ready for publication in 2028.
3) Britain and the colonial imagination: Ancient History and Empire. This is a long-term interest which I have previously addressed in a book published in 2008. I am researching the uses made of classical texts that address Britain and the growing focus on the discovery of material culture from the 16th century to the present day. I have one new paper on this topic in press and am researching and writing a book, probably for publication around 2030.
4) Ancient Identities: Iron Age and Roman Heritages. I directed this major project, which received three years of funding from AHRC (June 2016 to December 2022). Ancient Identities included a team of five colleagues at Durham (Anthropology and Archaeology) and Stirling. The project explored the variable meanings of Iron Age and Roman heritages across Britain and the European context of ideas derived from these periods of the past. A joint monograph from this project, co-written by the project team, was published in 2025. *Ancient Identities was selected as one of the top 5 insights from the heritage sector by AHRC in April 2019*. I am continuing to work on this theme and have recently published articles.
Research interests
- The archaeology of Roman and Iron Age Britain and Spain
- Heritage, theory and historiography
- Classical and archaeological reception.
- Hadrian's Wall.
Esteem Indicators
- 2023: Shortlisted for the Prose Award in Classics:
- 2019: Winner of the award for the best Classic book, Prose Awards: In February 2019 I won the PROSE award for the best book in Classics in 2019 for my book Londonium: A biography. This is an award made annual by the American Association of Publishers as part of their award which honours scholarly works published in 2018 (see http://newsroom.publishers.org/association-of-american-publishers-announces-subject-category-winners-of-2019-prose-awards/).
- 2015: Member of the Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Advisory Committee: I have been a member of this Committee since 2008. Since Janaury 2016, I have been Chair of the Archaeological Rsearch Delivery Group (which reports to the Hadrian's Wall Panel). I am also a member of the Conservation Delivery Group.
- 2015: Member of the HERA International Review Panel for the 'Uses of the Past' JRP: I was selected to serve on the International Review Panel for the HERA JRP on 'uses of the past' in June 2015. This includes 30 academics from the range of disciplnes that deal with the past from across Europe.
- 2015: Member of the Theoretial Roman Archaeology Advisory Committee: Member of the advisiory committee that oversees this annual conference. I was one of the founder members of the first conference in 1999
- 2009: Member of the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Peer-Review College: I served two terms on this panel between 2009 and 2017
Publications
Authored book
- Roman Britain in Twenty Towns: A Visitor's GuideHingley, R. (2026). Roman Britain in Twenty Towns: A Visitor’s Guide. Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350520141
- Ancient Identities in Britain: Exploring heritage in the makingHingley, R., Sharpe, K., & Yarrow, T. (2025). Ancient Identities in Britain: Exploring heritage in the making. University College London Press. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781800089426
- Conquering the Ocean: The Roman Invasion of BritainHingley, R. (2022). Conquering the Ocean: The Roman Invasion of Britain. New York, Oxford University Press.
- Londinium, A Biography: Roman London from its origins to the fifth centuryHingley, R. (2018). Londinium, A Biography: Roman London from its origins to the fifth century. Bloomsbury.
- Hadrian's Wall: A LifeHingley, R. (2012). Hadrian’s Wall: A Life. Oxford University Press.
- O Imperialismo Romano: Novas Perspectivas a Partir da BretanhaHingley, R. (2010). O Imperialismo Romano: Novas Perspectivas a Partir da Bretanha. Anna Bulme.
- The Recovery of Roman Britain 1586 to 1906: A Colony so FertileHingley, R. (2008). The Recovery of Roman Britain 1586 to 1906: A Colony so Fertile. Oxford University Press.
- Settlement and Sacrifice: The later prehistoric people of ScotlandHingley, R. (2005). Settlement and Sacrifice: The later prehistoric people of Scotland. Berlin.
- Globalizing Roman Culture: Unity, Diversity and EmpireHingley, R. (2005). Globalizing Roman Culture: Unity, Diversity and Empire. Routledge.
- Boudica: Iron Age Warrior QueenHingley, R., & Unwin, C. (2005). Boudica: Iron Age Warrior Queen. Hambledon and London.
- Roman officers and English gentlemen.Hingley, R. (2000). Roman officers and English gentlemen. Routledge.
- Rural Settlement in Roman BritainHingley, R. (1989). Rural Settlement in Roman Britain. Seaby.
Chapter in book
- The Images of Ancient Britons: Early Modern Art and Colonizing DiscourseHingley, R. (2026). The Images of Ancient Britons: Early Modern Art and Colonizing Discourse. In P. Bogucki & R. Cartwright (Eds.), Connections and Transformations in Early Europe (pp. 238-254). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003513971-18
- The Commemoration of Hadrian's Wall in Cultural EventsHingley, R. (2026). The Commemoration of Hadrian’s Wall in Cultural Events. In E. Hall, R. McInnes-Gibbons, & E. Thomas (Eds.), Classical Encounters in England’s North East (pp. 335-352). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003591252-21
- Hadrian's Wall: an allegory for British disunityHingley, R. (2020). Hadrian’s Wall: an allegory for British disunity. In F. Kaminsky-Jones & R. Kaminsky-Jones (Eds.), Celts, Romans, Britons: Classical and Celtic Influences in the construction of British Identities (pp. 201-221). Oxford University Press.
- Egalitarianism in the southern British Iron Age: an 'archaeology of knowledge'Hingley, R. (2019). Egalitarianism in the southern British Iron Age: an ’archaeology of knowledge’. In B. X. Cúrras & I. Sastre (Eds.), Alternative iron ages: social theory from archaeological analysis. Routledge.
- Images of Rome: Classical Rome and the United Kingdom, 1880 to 1930Hingley, R. (2018). Images of Rome: Classical Rome and the United Kingdom, 1880 to 1930. In A. Duplá Ansuategui, E. Dell’ Elicine, & J. Pérez Mostaza (Eds.), Antigüiedad clásica y naciones modernas en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo. (pp. 211-226). Ediciones Polifemo.
- The Romans in Britain: Colonization of an Imperial FrontierHingley, R. (2017). The Romans in Britain: Colonization of an Imperial Frontier. In C. Beaule (Ed.), Frontiers of colonialism. (pp. 89-109). University Press of Florida.
- Introduction: Imperial Limits and the crossing of frontiersHingley, R. (2017). Introduction: Imperial Limits and the crossing of frontiers. In S. Sánchez González & A. Guglielmi (Eds.), Roman and Barbarians beyond the frontiers : archaeology, ideology and identities in the North. (pp. 1-7). Oxbow Books.
- Early Studies in Roman Britain: 1610 to 1906Hingley, R. (2016). Early Studies in Roman Britain: 1610 to 1906. In M. Millett, L. Revell, & A. Moore (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Roman Britain. (pp. 3-21). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.001
- Constructing the Nation and Empire: Victorian and Edwardian Images of the Building of Roman FortificationsHingley, R. (2016). Constructing the Nation and Empire: Victorian and Edwardian Images of the Building of Roman Fortifications. In T. Fögen & R. Warren (Eds.), Graeco-Roman antiquity and the idea of Nationalism in the 19th century : case studies. (pp. 153-174). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110473490-008
- Working with Descendant Communities in the Study of Roman Britain: Fragments of an Ethnographic Project DesignHingley, R. (2015). Working with Descendant Communities in the Study of Roman Britain: Fragments of an Ethnographic Project Design. In C. Cipolla & K. Howlett Hayes (Eds.), Rethinking colonialism : comparative archaeological approaches. (pp. 161-189). University Press of Florida.
- The Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and Transnational HeritageHingley, R. (2015). The Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and Transnational Heritage. In P. Biehl, D. Comer, C. Prescott, & H. Soderland (Eds.), Identity and heritage : contemporary challenges in a globalized world. (pp. 55-64). Springer Verlag.
- Post-colonial and global Rome : the genealogy of empireHingley, R. (2014). Post-colonial and global Rome : the genealogy of empire. In M. Pitts & M. Versluys (Eds.), Globalisation and the Roman world : world history, connectivity and material culture. (pp. 32-46). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107338920.003
- IntroductionHingley, R. (2014). Introduction. In M. Janković, V. Mihajlović, & S. Babić (Eds.), The edges of the Roman world. (pp. 1-4). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- RomanizationHingley, R. (2014). Romanization. In C. (Editorinchief) Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of global archaeology. (pp. 6373-6380). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_942
- The Living Frontier: The Passing of Time on Hadrian's WallHingley, R. (2013). The Living Frontier: The Passing of Time on Hadrian’s Wall. In N. Mills (Ed.), Presenting the Romans: Interpreting the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site (pp. 147-156). Boydell and Brewer.
- "A place that the lover of antiquity will visit with great delight": from Caer Segonte to Calleva AtrebatumHingley, R. (2012). "A place that the lover of antiquity will visit with great delight": from Caer Segonte to Calleva Atrebatum. In M. Fulford (Ed.), Silchester and the study of Romano-British Urbanism (pp. 23-40). Journal of Roman Archaeology.
- Comment: processing the pastHingley, R. (2012). Comment: processing the past. In N. M. Burström & F. Fahlander (Eds.), Matters of Scale: Processes and courses of events in the past and the present (pp. 185-196). PAG.
- Explotation and Assimilation: The Western Roman Empire from Augustus to TrajanHingley, R. (2012). Explotation and Assimilation: The Western Roman Empire from Augustus to Trajan. In D. Hoyos (Ed.), A Companion to Roman Imperialism (pp. 265-276). Brill Academic Publishers.
- Commentary: inheriting Roman PlacesHingley, R. (2012). Commentary: inheriting Roman Places. In D. M. Totten & K. Lafrenz Samules (Eds.), Making Roman Places, past and present (pp. 171-176). Journal of Roman Archaeology.
- Rome: Imperial and Local ReligionsHingley, R. (2011). Rome: Imperial and Local Religions. In T. Insoll (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the archaeology of ritual and religion. (pp. 745-757). Oxford University Press.
- Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples
and Myths of OriginHingley, R. (2011). Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoplesand Myths of Origin. In T. Moore & X. Armada (Eds.), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: crossing the divide. (pp. 617-637). Oxford University Press.
- Tales of the Frontier: diasporas on Hadrian's wallHingley, R. (2010). Tales of the Frontier: diasporas on Hadrian’s wall. In H. Eckardt (Ed.), Roman diasporas : archaeological approaches to mobility and diversity in the Roman Empire. (pp. 227-243). Journal of Roman Archaeology.
- Edward Gibbon and Francis Haverfield: The Traditions of Imperial DeclineRogers, A., & Hingley, R. (2010). Edward Gibbon and Francis Haverfield: The Traditions of Imperial Decline. In M. Bradley (Ed.), Classics & imperialism in the British Empire. (pp. 189-209). Oxford University Press.
- ForewordHingely, R. (2009). Foreword. In J. Proctor (Ed.), Pegswood Moor, Morpeth: A later Iron Age and Romano-British Farmstead Settlement. Pre-Construct Archaeology.
- Cultural Diversity and Unity: Empire and RomeHingley, R. (2009). Cultural Diversity and Unity: Empire and Rome. In S. Hales & T. Hodos (Eds.), Material culture and social identities in the ancient world. (pp. 54-75). Cambridge University Press.
- Hadrian's Wall in Theory: Pursuing new agendasHingley, R. (2008). Hadrian’s Wall in Theory: Pursuing new agendas. In P. Bidwell (Ed.), Understanding Hadrian’s Wall : papers from a conference held at South Shields, 3rd-5th November, 2006, to mark the publication of the 14th edition of the Handbook of the Roman Wall. (pp. 25-28). Arbeia Society.
- Romans and Natives in Britain.Hingley, R. (2008). Romans and Natives in Britain. In Rome and the Barbarians: The birth of a new world. (pp. 112-115). Skira.
- The Currency Bars.Hingley, R. (2007). The Currency Bars. In P. Crummy, S. Benfield, N. Crummy, V. Rigby, & D. Shimmin (Eds.), Stanway: An Elite Burial site at Camulodunum (pp. 33-6). Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.
- The Roman Landscape of Britain: From Hoskins to today.Hingley, R. (2007). The Roman Landscape of Britain: From Hoskins to today. In A. Fleming & R. Hingley (Eds.), Prehistoric and Roman Landscapes: Landscape History after Hoskins (pp. 101-113). Windgather.
- Francis John Haverfield (1860-1919): Oxford, Roman archaeology and Edwardian imperialism.Hingley, R. (2007). Francis John Haverfield (1860-1919): Oxford, Roman archaeology and Edwardian imperialism. In C. Stray (Ed.), Oxford Classics: Teaching and Learning, 1800-2000. Duckworth.
- Roman Finds: Context and TheoryWillis, S., & Hingley, R. (2007). Roman Finds: Context and Theory. In R. Hingley & S. Willis (Eds.), Roman Finds: Context and Theory (pp. 2-17). Oxbow.
- Defining Community: iron, boundaries and transformation in later prehistoric Britain.Hingley, R. (2006). Defining Community: iron, boundaries and transformation in later prehistoric Britain. In A. Harding, S. Sievers, & N. Venclova (Eds.), Enclosing the Past (pp. 116-25). Sheffield Academic Monographs.
- Iron Deposition and its significance in pre-Roman BritainHaselgrove, C., & Hingley, R. (2006). Iron Deposition and its significance in pre-Roman Britain. In G. Bataille & J. Guillaumet (Eds.), Les depots metalliques au second age du Fer en Europe temperee. Centre archeologique europeen.
- Settlement in Britannia.Hingley, R. (2005). Settlement in Britannia. In C. Fernandez Ochoa & P. Garcia Diaz (Eds.), Unidad y diversidad en el Arco Atlantico en epoca romana (pp. 267-78). British Archaeological Reports.
- Iron Age 'currency bars' in Britain: items of exchange in liminal contexts?Hingley, R. (2005). Iron Age ’currency bars’ in Britain: items of exchange in liminal contexts? In C. Haselgrove & D. Wigg-Wolf (Eds.), Iron Age Coinage and Ritual Practice. Phillipp von Zaberg.
- Rural Settlement in Northern BritainHingley, R. (2004). Rural Settlement in Northern Britain. In M. Todd (Ed.), A Companion to Roman Britain (pp. 327-48). Blackwell.
- The human impact on the landscape: agriculture, settlement, industry, infrastructureHingley, R., & Miles, D. (2002). The human impact on the landscape: agriculture, settlement, industry, infrastructure. In P. Salway (Ed.), Short Oxford History of the British Isles: The Rome Era (pp. 141-72). Oxford University Press.
- History as an aid to understanding peat bogsHigley, R., & Ingram, H. A. P. (2002). History as an aid to understanding peat bogs. In T. C. Smout (Ed.), Understanding the Historic Environment in its Environmental Setting (pp. 60-87). Scottish Cultural Press.
- Images of RomeHingley, R. (2001). Images of Rome. In R. Hingley (Ed.), Images of Rome : perceptions of ancient Rome in Europe and the United States in the modern age. (pp. 7-22). Editorial Committee of the Journal of Roman Archaeology.
- An Imperial Legacy: the contribution of Classical Rome to the Character of the EnglishHingley, R. (2001). An Imperial Legacy: the contribution of Classical Rome to the Character of the English. In R. Hingley (Ed.), Images of Rome: perceptions of Ancient Rome in Europe and the United States in the modern age (pp. 145-66). Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series.
- Resistance and domination: social change in Roman Britain.Hingley, R. (1997). Resistance and domination: social change in Roman Britain. In D. Mattingly (Ed.), Dialogues in Roman Imperialism. Journal of Roman Archaeology.
Edited book
- Prehistoric and Roman Landscapes: Landscape History after Hoskins.Fleming, A., & Hingley, R. (Eds.). (2007). Prehistoric and Roman Landscapes: Landscape History after Hoskins. Windgather Press.
- Roman Finds: Context and Theory.Hingley, R., & Willis, S. (Eds.). (2007). Roman Finds: Context and Theory. Oxbow.
- Images of Rome: Perceptions of ancient Rome in Europe and the United States of America in the modern age.Hingley, R. (Ed.). (2001). Images of Rome: Perceptions of ancient Rome in Europe and the United States of America in the modern age.
Journal Article
- Fostering tolerance through museums: assessing visitor engagement with historical analogies at three archaeological galleries in the UKBonacchi, C., Krzyzanska, M., Sharpe, K., Horne, Z., & Hingley, R. (2026). Fostering tolerance through museums: assessing visitor engagement with historical analogies at three archaeological galleries in the UK. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13(1), Article 32. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-06333-2
- Hadrian’s Wall as ArtscapeHingley, R. (2025). Hadrian’s Wall as Artscape. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 40(1), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2023.2292117
- Contextualising Counterfeits: Roman Coin Moulds in Britain and the Channel IslandsHingley, R. (2023). Contextualising Counterfeits: Roman Coin Moulds in Britain and the Channel Islands. Britannia: A Journal of Romano-British and Kindred Studies, 54, 189-225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X23000363
- Assessing How Representation of the Roman Past Impacts Public Perceptions of the Province of BritainHingley, R. (2021). Assessing How Representation of the Roman Past Impacts Public Perceptions of the Province of Britain. Public Archaeology, 18(4), 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2021.1947064
- ‘Are You Local?’ Indigenous Iron Age and Mobile Roman and Post-Roman Populations: Then, Now and In-BetweenHingley, R., Bonacchi, C., & Sharpe, K. (2018). ‘Are You Local?’ Indigenous Iron Age and Mobile Roman and Post-Roman Populations: Then, Now and In-Between. Britannia, 49, 283-302. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x18000016
- Frontiers and mobilities: The Frontiers of the Roman Empire and EuropeHingley, R. (2018). Frontiers and mobilities: The Frontiers of the Roman Empire and Europe. European Journal of Archaeology, 21(1), 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.17
- Exploring Ancient Identities in Modern BritainBonacchi, C., Hingley, R., & Yarrow, T. (2016). Exploring Ancient Identities in Modern Britain. Archaeology International, 19, 54-57. https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1909
- Struggling with a Roman Inheritance. A response to VersluysHingley, R. (2014). Struggling with a Roman Inheritance. A response to Versluys. Archaeological Dialogues, 21(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s138020381400004x
- Life of an Ancient Monument: Hadrian's Wall in HistoryHingley, R., Witcher, R., & Nesbitt, C. (2012). Life of an Ancient Monument: Hadrian’s Wall in History. Antiquity, 86(333), 760-771. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047906
- Contextualizing Hadrian's Wall: The Wall as 'Debatable Lands'Hingley, R., & Hartis, R. (2011). Contextualizing Hadrian’s Wall: The Wall as ’Debatable Lands’. Frontiers in the Roman World, 13, 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004201194.i-378.22
- Living Landscape: reading Hadrian's WallHingley, R. (2011). Living Landscape: reading Hadrian’s Wall. Landscapes., 12(2), 41-62.
- Globalization and the Roman Empire: The Geneaology of EmpireHingley, R. (2011). Globalization and the Roman Empire: The Geneaology of Empire. Semata : Ciencias Sociais E Humanidades, 23, 99-113.
- StonehengeHingley, R. (2010). Stonehenge. Public Historian, 32, 143-6.
- ‘The most ancient Boundary between England and Scotland’: Genealogies of the Roman Wall(s)Hingley, R. (2010). ‘The most ancient Boundary between England and Scotland’: Genealogies of the Roman Wall(s). Classical Receptions Journal, 2(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/crj/clq001
- Archaeologies of Landscape. Excavating the Materialities of Hadrian's WallWitcher, R., Tolia-Kelly, D., & Hingley, R. (2010). Archaeologies of Landscape. Excavating the Materialities of Hadrian’s Wall. Journal of Material Culture, 15(1), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183510355228
- Esoteric Knowledge? Ancient Bronze Artefacts from Iron Age ContextsHingley, R. (2009). Esoteric Knowledge? Ancient Bronze Artefacts from Iron Age Contexts. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society for . , 75, 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000335
- A Wall for all timesHingley, R., & Nesbitt, C. (2008). A Wall for all times. British Archaeology, September/October 2008, 44-49.
- Not so Romanized? Tradition, reinvention or discovery in the study of Roman BritainHingley, R. (2008). Not so Romanized? Tradition, reinvention or discovery in the study of Roman Britain. World Archaeology, 40(3), 427-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240802261531
- The Society, its Council, the membership and publications from 1820 to 1850Hingley, R. (2007). The Society, its Council, the membership and publications from 1820 to 1850. Archaeologia., 111, 173-197.
- The deposition of iron objects in Britain during the later prehistoric and Roman periods: contextual analysis and the significance of ironHingley, R. (2006). The deposition of iron objects in Britain during the later prehistoric and Roman periods: contextual analysis and the significance of iron. Britannia, 37(1), 213-257. https://doi.org/10.3815/000000006784016620
- Projecting empire: the mapping of Roman BritainHingley, R. (2006). Projecting empire: the mapping of Roman Britain. Journal of Social Archaeology, 6(3), 328-353. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605306067840
- Concepcoes de Roma: uma perspective inglesaHingley, R. (2005). Concepcoes de Roma: uma perspective inglesa. Textos Didaticos, 47(2nd edition), 27-63.
- The excavation of two later Iron Age fortified homesteads at Aldclune, Blair Atholl, Perth and Kinross.Hingley, R., Moore, H., Triscott, J., & Wilson, G. (1997). The excavation of two later Iron Age fortified homesteads at Aldclune, Blair Atholl, Perth and Kinross. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 127, 407-466.
- Ancestors and identity in the later prehistory of Atlantic Scotland: the reuse and reinvention of Neolithic monuments and material culture.Hingley, R. (1996). Ancestors and identity in the later prehistory of Atlantic Scotland: the reuse and reinvention of Neolithic monuments and material culture. World Archaeology, 28, 231-243.
Other (Digital/Visual Media)
- Frontiers of the Roman EmpireHingley, R. (2016). Frontiers of the Roman Empire [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195389661-0237